The War On Drugs And Mass Incarceration Essay - 1439 Words

Introduction The War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration have been two very well-known topics of society. While these have taken place during the Cold War, there is still a continuance in them today. The impact that has been left on society from these issues have stuck around, while mass incarceration is still of talk today. War on Drugs The War on Drugs not only has many acts that have been in place due to it, but there has been a domino effect with other topics. The War on Drugs has become a complicated, yet important aspect of the U.S. as well as other countries. It was to be believed that the War on Drugs has influenced incarceration. This effect was the ability to imprison those who are using drugs, and the amount of crime will begin to decrease (Lloyd, 2015). Margaret Lloyd (2015), also discussed how a community that has less crime could be a better living area for children, in hopes they will not act in deviant behaviors. The War on Drugs began in increments, first with President Nixon and secondly with President Reagan (Hill, Oliver, Marion, 2012). While under the Nixon administration, the Drug Enforcement Administration was developed due to the thought of how drugs can affect an individual as well as a community. Drugs did not only affect the user and the community, but also the families as well as children. Out of all the presidents, it is documented that President Nixon was one who had discussions about drugs more than any other president (Hill, et al., 2012).Show MoreRelatedThe Private Prison System War On Drugs And Mass Incarceration883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Private Prison System War on drugs and Mass Incarceration A private prison or for-profit prison is a place in which individuals are physically confined or incarcerated by a third party that is contracted by a government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate, either for each prisoner in the facility or for each place available, whether occupied or not. Such contracts may be forRead MoreMass Incarceration802 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander identifies the racialized mass incarceration problem that we have in our criminal justice system. Reading the book, you can see that mass incarceration is a social problem. This means that the problem can follow the six stages of the policy process. If I were a claimsmaker, I could assert that mass incarceration is a problem by following the six stages. In the claimsmaking stage, I would claim that the War on Drugs creates the racialized mass incarceration in our society today. To show thatRead MoreMass Incarceration Is Defined As The Imprisonment Of A Large Amount Of People1439 Words   |  6 PagesAt the simplest level, mass incarceration is defined as the imprisonment of a large amount of people. However, that does not tell the whole story. The majority of people incarcerated are minorities, and although mass incarceration began as a system of unjust racial and social control, today it continues for many political reasons including government grants, swaying voter opinion, and for-profit prison revenue. The United States incarcerates more people, per capita, than any other nation in theRead MoreMass Incarceration Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages MASS INCARCERATION The prison population in the United states has increased 500% in thirty years. Since the 1970s social inequality has impacted the American prison system. 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The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to theRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1370 Words   |  6 Pagesways that fit into the fabric of the American society to render it nearly invisible to the majority of Americans. Michelle Alexander, in her book, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness shatters this dominantly held belief. The New Jim Crow makes a reader profoundly question whether the high rates of incarceration in the United States is an attempt to maintain blacks as an underclass. Michelle Alexander ma kes the assertion that â€Å"[w]e have not ended racial caste in America;Read MoreMass Incarceration : A Major Problem Within The United States1695 Words   |  7 PagesMass incarceration has recently become a major problem within the United States. Although crime rates have dropped since the 1990s, incarceration rates have soared. This trend is largely associated with increased enforcement of drug-related crimes. Unfortunately, though not surprisingly, this problem involves racial discrepancies when regarding these mass incarcerations. Incarcerations appear to be the most prominent throughout urban areas and the south, which happen to be the areas where AfricanRead MoreThe New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness by Michelle Alexander657 Words   |  3 Pages The book â€Å"The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness† (â€Å"The New Jim Crow†) hits on many significant points concerning the criminal justice system and the s ystemically racial elements that have been perpetuated through various laws. As argued in the book, the â€Å"War on Drugs† has been used to perpetuate racial discrimination against African Americans since the 1980s and the Reagan Administration. My personal reflection on the book comes from a legal perspective. Within the

Mandatory Corporate Social A Social Responsibility

Mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility- Either Do It or Speak It. Is It a Boom for Social Upliftment Tanvi Tak* The author tries to find out whether making CSR a mandatory requirement for the companies as a social responsibility will help in the upliftment of the society. CSR models previously were voluntary actions taken up by the corporations but the new CSR norms mandate this responsibility. The country is now moving towards MANDATORY, NOT VOLUNTARY CSR regimes. This Article begins with the origin of CSR during the Earth Summit in early 90’s and then its scenario in the Indian corporate sector. Some of the examples of volunteer CSR activities showcased the sincere efforts taken by certain major tycoons of Indian corporate sector and now after India being the first country to mandate CSR in the Companies Act will be a boon for social upliftment or not. According to the author, working for the undeveloped communities for the country is a work that required moral values within an individual or a corporate, making it mandatory will only add more confusions and an opportunity to tainted companies to go smooth in the eyes of law by means of corruption or extortion in the system. Moreover, penalizing only if reason not displayed by the Board in their Annual Report will not be the solution to the problem. This article will seek an understanding whether mandating CSR will be a boon to social upliftment or not and concludes by suggesting certain rewards or tax benefits forShow MoreRelatedSocial Responsibility And Its Impact On Society1579 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered to be the social responsibility for each and every human being on this planet, therefore sustainability, accountability and transparency of resources became the basic ingredients for social responsibility. 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Introduction Corporate Social Responsibility (â€Å"CSR†) is often described as the measures taken by companies to manage environmental, socialRead MoreEthics - British Gas Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pages[pic] Enterprise and Social Responsibility Academic Year 2010/2011 Question 1.1 Identify each of the stakeholders and how they are affected. 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Moreover, there has been a public debate and commentary on the same subject. For instance, (International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility) argues that CSR has had social-political influence i.e. the political regime, culture and legal systems of many countries around the globe. More companies around the globe in are engaging themselves in CSR activitiesRead MoreManagerial Perceptions On Occupational Health And Safety1742 Words   |  7 Pagesknow about the structure / policy of any organisation for its biggest intangible asset? An attempt to provide the information on the said topic is Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Reporting. To make it understand in a second way, today in this corporate era, investments are made into entities via various global investors. The owners are different than the management team. Management team lays down various policies for e.g. Investment Policy/ HR Policy and so on and based on the set of policies laidRead MoreCorporations Law1508 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿1.0 Areas of law Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has long been a touchy issue for governments not just in Australia, but around the world as well. Companies in Australia are governed by the corporation’s act, which outlines the legal capacity and power of a company. The Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) s 57A1, defines a corporation as a separate legal entity, that includes any corporate body and unincorporated bodies that may sue, be sued or hold property in the name of an office holder appointedRead MoreKey Tips For A Generous Financial Donations1495 Words   |  6 Pagesprogrammes f. Support for the local community g. Campaigning for environmental and social change h. An employee-led approach to philanthropy i. Efficient and effective community activity j. 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Impact of Gender on Consumer Purchase Behaviour

Question: Discuss about the Impact of Gender on Consumer Purchase Behaviour. Answer: Introduction: This particular study has focused to deal with an in-depth overview on the various aspects of consumers behavior. Various scholars have provided their own opinion regarding this particular topic. As per the point of view of some eminent scholars, shopping is important only for women. In most of cases, women have been observed being proactive and interested towards shopping mall. As a result, most of the advertisers show their interest for drawing the attention of women customers. On the other hand, other scholars have differed the point of views of previous scholars. Industries are based on target market. A large number of industries prevail in the global market where male employees are more effective than female one. In this particular study, an in-depth analysis has been provided on how the role of advertisers has a major impact on customers buying behavior. A critical analysis has also been conducted on the psychological differentiation in the psychology of male and female buying behavior. Concept of consumer behavior and the impact of advertisement on buying behavior: Consumer behavior is the systematic study with the help of which an individual customer tends to get an in-depth idea and knowledge about the reliability of brands and products before purchasing it. In order to acquire detailed knowledge about the reliability of product and services, an individual consumer likes to use the tools of advertisement as one of the major sources of gaining knowledge on particular products and services. While making effective promotional activities about a brand or a product, the advertisers tend to focus on specific group influence so that the concept of the products can reach to the customers of different geographical boundaries widely. In the article, Impact of Advertisement on Buying Behaviors of the Consumers, published by Fatima and Lodhi (2015), the author has pointed out that advertisers intend to use the popularity of numerous group influences for circulating the brand image and identity in different geographical areas. Goh, Heng and Lin (2013) opined that Group influence is highly important for making a particular advertisement successful. While preparing an advertising content, the advertisers tend to focus on influencing a specific group with the help of which the advertisers can reach the consumers market. Group can be classified into several forms that include aspirational group, associative group and dissociative group. In aspirational group influence, the advertisers tend to focus on drawing the attention of specific persons with the help of which the people can be influenced widely. For an example, in order to promote social campaign or social awareness, the advertisers tend to use any familiar face or celebrity that would help the consumers to pay special attention towards the advertisement. In the realm of progressive civilization, a large number of people belong to the category of illiteracy. Therefore, any kind of message for social awareness may not be interesting to those persons. They show their reluctance for paying special attention to these kinds of advertisements. In this kind of situation, celebrity endorsement is the only way with the help of which advertisers can draw the attention of that group of people. Associative group includes those people tend to represent an individuals current equals realistically. With the help of this group influence, the persons whom can be involved include co-workers, neighbors, members of church, members of club, members of organization and so many. As a result, this particular group can influence the other members as well for paying the attention of various advertisers. According to Juster (2015), dissociative influence group implies those people who are not primarily influenced by the parents or family members. For an example, while purchasing a garment, an individual may not like the brand that the parents or family members tend to use. Therefore, in order to influence those consumers, the advertisers tend to use the attention of dissociate group influence with the help of which those kinds of people can be attracted towards the brands and services. Impact of gender on buying behavior: In the article, Impact of gender on consumer purchase behavior, published by Bakshi (2012), the author has opined that consumers buying behavior changes with the differentiation of genders. Mullen and Johnson (2013) opined that an individual male consumer before purchasing a product tend to acquire a detailed overview about the product quality, product reliability and authenticity of raw materials. On the other hand, an individual female consumer before purchasing a particular product tends to focus on product design, exclusivity, and price affordability. Therefore, most of the business organizations before designing their products and launching their products in the current market tend to focus on target customers so that the marketing executives can segregate the target group. On the other hand, in this article the author has highlighted that the shopping pattern of two different genders is of two types. Wilson et al. (2012) stated that a male shows intense reluctance to visit a shopping mall physically in order to purchase products. They rather prefer on online shopping where they can get the scope to receive the services sitting at the drawing room. At the same time, with the help of online shopping, the consumer can use the products of different geographical boundaries. Therefore, the product variety is at its large scale. Therefore, the success of a business industry has a major impact on the buying behavior of different gender. Difference between male and female psychology: In the article Study on Buying Behavior of Men and Women, published by Siddiqui (2016), the author has distinguished the buying psychology of both male and female. While evaluating the factors, the author has used numerous examples from the practical field based on which the differentiation in the customers buying behavior can be evaluated. While purchasing products, most of the male employees as opined by this scholar expect an effective customer service system from the organizational service providers. Otherwise, they tend to show their aggressive attitude towards the authority. Vinerean et al. (2013) opined that this is one of the most important buying behaviors of male that has been observed very often. On the other hand, in female psychology, product price and quality is more important than the customer service system. As per women psychology, products should be reachable in affordable price range with the help of which it can draw the attention of customers. Business experts te nd to pull the female customers towards the business organization by maintaining the product price range rather than customer service. Therefore, in those specific areas gender psychology is endowed with a major impact on buying behavior. In the article Hot consumer trend published by Consumerlab (2016), the author has pointed out that the emergence of social media and digital marketing has rendered a revolution in the consumers buying behavior. Before, purchasing a particular product or service, the people tend to gather a deep insight regarding the product and its necessary facilities. In the realm of e-commerce business, the customers are getting innumerable options for purchasing their products by sitting at the drawing room. The author thus pointed out that most of the consumers; especially male consumers show their interest for maintaining their effective buying behavior with the help of new media. Automatically, the communication between the service providers and service users has become very much effective. A comparative analysis on male and female consumer behavior: In this particular article, A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Consumer Behavior Factors for their Cosmeceutical Products Types, published by Junaid et al. (2015), the author has emphasized on one particular theory on consumer behavior. The theory of reasoned action is one of the most important concepts with the help of which individual consumers acts, behaviors and attitudes can be explained. Based on the consumers attitudes and behaviors the advertisers tend to reform their advertising strategy and policy. Consumers may be male or female. Sparks, Perkins and Buckley (2013) opined that the business experts have already fixed the target consumers. For an example, in order to promoting the brand of women fashionable garment, the advertisers would like to target female consumers. Therefore, the product promotional campaign is also designed as per the women psychology. On the other hand, while promoting any sports garment, the business organizations primarily focus on the male co nsumers. As a result, based on the market industry, the business experts like to fix target customers. With the upgrading progress of civilization, the needs and demands of the customers are changing gradually. Before purchasing a particular product or service, an individual consumer tends to get an in-depth overview regarding the reliability of products and services. Reed et al. (2012) stated that advertising is one of the most effective tools that provide a deep notion about the products and services. This particular theory implies that the consumers, be it male or female tend to show their interest for purchasing a product only when the consumers find a rate of interest on this particular products and services. The theory of reasoned action helps an individual group to change their entire process of decision regarding consumer behavior process. Consumers by following this particular theory come to know how they should distinguish appropriate products and services for themselves that can make a large sense in future. Most of the advertisers tend to follow this particular theory in order to influence the group towards their products and services. Conclusion: This particular study has provided an in-depth critical analysis on how the effect of consumer behavior creates a major impact on both male and female. Numerous scholars have pointed out various opinion of regarding this specific issue. At the end of the study, after analyzing the different opinions of conspicuous scholars, it can be evaluated that consumer behavior is not dependent on male or female. Business organization while designing the product makes a target market first. Based on the target group the products and promotional activities are conducted. Reference List: Bakshi, S., 2012. Impact of gender on consumer purchase behaviour.Journal of Research in Commerce and Management,1(9), pp.1-8. Consumerlab, E., 10. hot consumer trends 2016. Fatima, S. and Lodhi, S., 2015. Impact of Advertisement on Buying Behaviours of the Consumers: Study of Cosmetic Industry in Karachi City.International Journal of Management Sciences and Business Research. Goh, K.Y., Heng, C.S. and Lin, Z., 2013. Social media brand community and consumer behavior: Quantifying the relative impact of user-and marketer-generated content.Information Systems Research,24(1), pp.88-107. Junaid, A.B., Nasreen, R., Siddiqui, M.J. and Ahmed, W., 2015. A Comparative Analysis of Male and Female Consumer Behaviour Factors for their Cosmeceutical Products Types.Journal of Accounting Marketing,2015. Juster, F.T., 2015.Anticipations and purchases: An analysis of consumer behavior. Princeton University Press. Mullen, B. and Johnson, C., 2013.The psychology of consumer behavior. Psychology Press. Reed, A., Forehand, M.R., Puntoni, S. and Warlop, L., 2012. Identity-based consumer behavior.International Journal of Research in Marketing,29(4), pp.310-321. Siddiqui, W., 2016. Study on Buying Behavior of Men and Women.Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research,2(4). Sparks, B.A., Perkins, H.E. and Buckley, R., 2013. Online travel reviews as persuasive communication: The effects of content type, source, and certification logos on consumer behavior.Tourism Management,39, pp.1-9. Vinerean, S., Cetina, I., Dumitrescu, L. and Tichindelean, M., 2013. The effects of social media marketing on online consumer behavior.International Journal of Business and Management,8(14), p.66. Wilson, A., Zeithaml, V.A., Bitner, M.J. and Gremler, D.D., 2012.Services marketing: Integrating customer focus across the firm. McGraw Hill.

Valve Corporation Analysis free essay sample

What Valve does differently to manage and motivate people is basically by having no managers. Valve lets their employees pick their own projects they want to work on. Since Valve is a ‘Flatland’, employees pick which projects they want to help work on and can even be recruited by other employees to work on a project with them. You can even move your desk around to different places to work with different people on different projects. They motivate their employees by letting them be creative and grow on their own to feel a sense of greater accomplishment. This works because they hire the best and they let their employees be themselves and in return they’re happy. They get more work done and better work from their employees. Running mostly everything in team based projects helps everything get done right as well. This flatland way of running things wouldn’t work if there were a large argument within a project. We will write a custom essay sample on Valve Corporation Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Say someone wanted to take the project one direction and someone else another. This would cause a lot of fighting and controversy, which is never good in team projects, especially when there isn’t a manager to over- rule them. It also wouldn’t work when it comes to someone not pulling their weight. There would seem to be a lot of employees who work harder than others and it’s hard to get recognized for that when there aren’t any managers to see these accomplishments. Since Valve has made a name for themselves and have done so well on their current way of doing things, I wouldn’t change much. The one thing I would recommend changing would be their lack of leadership. I know they have small leaders for individual team projects, but there should be at least a handful of managers there just to deal with inner-team fighting and for employee complaints on other employees. Basically like HR managers, except on a larger scale for the whole company. This would lead to smoother operations, quicker project completions, and even happier employees with less workplace drama. The main way we can apply the Valve way to our group project would be to let each individual member decide for themselves on what portion of the project they would want to work on. This would allow everyone to play to their own advantages to make a better end project. This process will also help by not having a one-dictator manager. Everyone will be allowed to make their own decisions, having the team leader just make sure things flow smoothly without any hic-ups. I believe this process will work very well for our group projects, especially based on the class material.